Every electrical equipment has some resistive value. Not only electrical equipment, all the materials in this universe has some non- zero value of resistance. Battery is an electric source so whenever current flows through it, it will offer some resistance to the current and this resistance is referred as internal resistance of battery.
Suppose you are measuring the terminal voltage of a battery, and you are getting E volt. Now you connect one load with that battery and then measure the terminal voltage of that battery. Say, you get voltage V volt. V will obviously be less than E. Actually as soon as the load is connected with the battery, load current IL, starts circulating through the load as well as the battery. During passing through the battery the load current will face some resistance due to which there will be a voltage drop, and due to this terminal voltage V across the battery becomes less than open circuit or no-load voltage E of the battery. If the resistance of battery or the internal resistance of battery is Ri then IL.Ri is the voltage drop due to this battery.
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